PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC CYANOBACTERIA: A POTENTIAL MICROORGANISM AND ITS APPLICATIONAL ROLE IN DIFFERENT FIELDS

Nowadays, the world facing so many problems like an increase in human population, global warming, energy crisis, decrease in food availability, disease outbreak, and other so many environmental-related problems that require a solution. One of the solutions to all this is cyanobacteria, which is also known as blue-green algae. Cyanobacteria are Gram-negative bacteria, widely distributed, havea simple genome, required simple nutrients for growth, and performed oxygenic photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria possess such types of mechanisms that are easily adaptable to environmental changes and grow rapidly and dense. Cyanobacteriaare useful in agriculture as biofertilizers, increase soil fertility, and nitrogen fixation, etc. can convert nitrogen into ammonia and help in nitrogen fixation. Cyanobacteria can produce bioactive compounds which having different biological activities like antibacterial, antifungal, antialgal, anti-cancer, etc. They are also helpful in bioremediation. Cyanobacteria produce pigments, enzymes, and vitamins that are helpful for industrial purposes. Besides all this, they are also used as food or nutrient supplements. Cyanobacteria are widely distributed, and easily grow enabling their use in so many different fields and development at the industrial level. Maybe there are so many hurdles we facing to solve all problems but cyanobacteria give hope to solving all these.