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Fire is a visible effect of the process of combustion as a special type of chemical reaction which occurs when oxygen in the atmosphere reacts with some sort of fuel to bring out flame.This review research extensively detailed the causes, preventive and protective measure to be taken to curb fire outbreak in the society. This showed that the best way to avoid fire outbreak is by adopting preventive and protective measure which includes avoidance of using phone in the kitchen,fueling generator when it is ON, smoking in flammable prone zone, gas leakage and so on. This paper will guide home users and fire preventive software designers to be aware of the things to be incurred or put in consideration when managing/designing/ implementing a device that can prevent or control fire outbreak. This research review will be of important to the world as it serves as a guide on fire outbreak causes and simple ways to prevent it both manually and automatically.

The design and implementation of a fire prevention and control system using ATmega328P was successfully designed and implemented to curb the frequent fire outbreak in Africa. The system was designed to trigger alarm ON whenever gas leakage or smoke is detected and as well triggers ON fire extinguishing fan ON to suck the gas away from the premise. The Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) as well indicates the system performance measure of the premises at any point in time. The Arduino UNO is used as the main controller of the system and the buzzer for notification when there is danger. The system will detect the leakage using a gas sensor MQ-5 and use the buzzer for alarm to alert the public/authorities that there is danger in the premises. The system uses two indicator LED Lights; the Green LED light indicates that there was no gas leakage detected in the premises whereas the Red LED light indicate that there was gas leakage detected and needs immediate intervention. This designed and implemented device has 15% performance efficiency compared to the existing ones and will be of a very good help to African countries as it has the ability to prevent fire outbreak in promises.