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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a major public health threat to the existence of human beings especially to the developing countries like in Africa. Human Immunodeficiency Virus attacks the CD4 T cells thereby suppressing the immunity of the human host. There is high level of malnutrition in the developing countries due to poor economic status of many individuals with attendant immunodeficiency which affects the patients with HIV drastically for survival. Patients with HIV infection should maintain good nutritional status with improved immunity for increased life span and effectiveness in their works. A lot of commitment from the society is needed to encourage the patients with HIV to reduce the morbidity and mortality rates associated to HIV infection.

The Covid-19 outbreak renders managing diabetes mellitus problematic. Infection with Covid-19 predisposes infected individuals to hyperglycemia, leading to hyper glycosylation of ACE2 and increased viral proliferation. Worsening of hyperglycaemia induces inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombosis via the generation of oxidative stress driving the dysregulation of glucose metabolism and hypercoagulability. Severe infection in the individuals predisposed to vasculopathy and impaired immunity may accentuate thrombotic and ischemic complications associated with multiorgan failure and increased mortality rates. Covid-19 poses a major risk to the diabetes patients. This risk in diabetes patients could through cytokine storm. Some inflammatory cytokines especially interleukin 6 should be monitored.