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Honey has been used in ancient times in management of various health conditions and has equally been rediscovered in recent times in wound treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial potency of Honey on wound pathogens. The experimented honey was obtained from Eha-Alumona in Nsukka L.G.A and was tested for quality using the thumb test, water test and heat test. The physicochemical properties of the honey was analysed at National soil, plant, fertilizer and water laboratory in Umuahia where various methods such as spectronic method, automatic smart 3 colorimetric method and gravimetric oven drying method were used to obtain the values. Different concentration of honey 25-100% v/v were tested against each type of clinical isolates obtained from wound infection. A total of 80 bacterial isolates were collected from Federal Medical Centre Owerri among 100 subjects with a slant bottle. An antibiotic sensitivity test was done to all types of honey concentration using Agar Well diffusion method while minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined for the most potent honey concentration by the broth dilution technique. All statistical analysis was performed using (ANOVA). The wound pathogens showed certain degrees of susceptibility to honey but the level of susceptibility is dependent on honey concentration and the bacteria in question. Among the three studies wound pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive to honey at a zone diameter of 22.17mm. The MIC of honey on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 25%, 75% and 50% respectively while their MBC is 50%, 100% and 75% respectively. The experimented honey has both bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity, although result obtained from Ciprofloxacin used as control showed higher level of susceptibility on the tested bacteria than honey. Therefore, honey cannot be used to replace conventional antibiotics in tackling the problem of resistant bacteria pathogens, but should be used in line with conventional antibiotics as a suppository application.

The safety, efficacy and quality of herbal mixtures have been an important concern for health authorities and health professional, especially now there is increase in the use of herbal mixtures. This study was aimed at isolation and identification of microorganisms from some liquid herbal mixtures sold in Owerri metropolis,Imo State, South East of Nigeria. A total of forty-five samples of herbal mixture were selected at random,three samples of same mixtures from three different locations respectively, from herbal shops in Enugu metropolis and were analysed at Orange Research and Diagnostic Laboratory in Owerri, samples were inoculated into, MaCkonkey agar, CLED and Chocolate agar plates, and incubated at 37oC for 24 hrs. Sabroaud dextrose agar slants were also inoculated for the isolation of fungi for 7days. Viable bacterial counts of the samples were also performed using nutrient agar. The organisms isolated were identified using biochemical tests, and the following organisms were identified, Escherichia coli spp, Enterobacter spp, Aspergillus spp, Rhizopus spp, Bacillus spp, mucor spp.Some of the herbal medicine were highly contaminated and most of the organisms, isolated were gotten through poor handling, poor manufacturing of this herbal mixtures and raw materials used in preparing this herbal mixtures.

The poor hygienic state of our abattoirs and markets where meats are sold have posed a major threat to public health. The microbial quality of meats sold in Owerri municipal Imo State, Nigeria was investigated with the aim of determining the microbial loads of meat sold in these areas. Samples numbering 110 were collected from 11 meat samples types sourced from cow, goat, and chicken. The eleven (11) meat sample types were fresh cow muscles (FCM), fresh cow intestine (FCI), fresh cow liver (FCL), and fresh cow towel (FCT). Fresh goat muscles (FGM), fresh chicken muscle (FCM), fresh goat intestine (FGI), fresh chicken intestine (FCI), Fresh goat liver (FGL), fresh chicken liver (FCL), fresh goat towel (FGT) etc. The samples were collected with sterile containers and swab sticks. The organisms isolated were Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella species, Coliform species. Fresh chicken intestine has the highest total mean bacteria count of 1.1 × 107 (cfu)/ml, followed by fresh cow towel 7.0 × 106 (cfu)/ml and lastly fresh chicken liver 8.2 ×105 (cfu)/ml. The presence of all these organisms can pose a major threat to public health. This calls for regular inspection of animals, abattoir environments and regular health check of abattoirs workers and butchers.

The poor hygienic state of our abattoirs and markets where meats are sold have posed a major threat to public health. The microbial quality of meats sold in Owerri municipal Imo State, Nigeria was investigated with the aim of determining the microbial loads of meat sold in these areas. Samples numbering 110 were collected from 11 meat samples types sourced from cow, goat, and chicken. The eleven (11) meat sample types were fresh cow muscles (FCM), fresh cow intestine (FCI), fresh cow liver (FCL), and fresh cow towel (FCT). Fresh goat muscles (FGM), fresh chicken muscle (FCM), fresh goat intestine (FGI), fresh chicken intestine (FCI), Fresh goat liver (FGL), fresh chicken liver (FCL), fresh goat towel (FGT) etc. The organisms isolated were Gardialambia and Entaemobea histolytica. Among the parasites identified, Gardialambia has the highest percentage distribution occurrence of 63% followed by Entamoeba histolytica (27%). The presence of all these organisms can pose a major threat to public health. This calls for regular inspection of animals, abattoir environments and regular health check of abattoirs workers and butchers.