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Breast cancer, characterized by uncontrollable growth of abnormal breast cells forming tumors, can be fatal if unchecked, spreading throughout the body. Originating in breast milk ducts or lobules, its early stages pose no immediate threat, but invasive forms can metastasize to other organs. Its prevalence has surpassed lung cancer globally. Projections suggest 28.4 million cases by 2040. Treatment varies based on the individual, cancer type, and its spread, involving surgery, radiation, and medication. Natural plant products show promise as antitumor and anti-cancer agents, exhibiting reduced toxicity and resistance to conventional drugs. These products leverage antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties, influencing cancer cell behavior. Some studies highlight herbs\' potential in developing anti-cancer drugs. Notably, breast cancer\'s impact is significant in developing countries. Inadequate medical infrastructure and high treatment costs promote the use of natural products in these countries. Plant-based remedies offer a less toxic alternative, crucial in regions with limited access to conventional treatments. Understanding breast cancer and early diagnosis is critical in managing its impact. Therefore, this review delves into breast cancer intricacies and underscores natural plant products\' potential in mitigating the projected increase in breast cancer-related deaths.

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)during a baby\'s first six months of life is still a vital worldwide public health approach that UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO) support. The numerous advantages of early brain feeding (EBF) include decreased rates of morbidity and mortality in children, healthcare cost savings, improved mother-child bonding, and decreased risks of a variety of childhood illnesses. Nevertheless, the global incidence of EBF is below desired levels, especially in East Africa, despite these well-established benefits. The present publication provides a complete review of exclusive breastfeeding practices in East Africa, focusing on mom knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Research indicates notable deficiencies in mothers\' comprehension and compliance with EBF guidelines within the area. While there are several obstacles to optimum breastfeeding practices, including cultural views, HIV worries, a lack of awareness, and societal influences, interventions such as counseling and educational campaigns have not demonstrated much success, especially when it comes to young moms. The article also investigates the possible function of religious authorities as powerful proponents of exclusive breastfeeding. Considering the significant impact that religious leaders have on East African communities, enlisting their support seems to be a viable way to improve EBF practices and close current gaps. Using the power of religious leaders in conjunction with current initiatives may be a crucial way to promote and maintain the best possible breastfeeding practices, which would eventually improve the health and well-being of infants in the area.

Water-based paint spoilage is caused by actions of some microorganism, resulting in the deterioration of paint quality and coating integrity. This research work focused on water-based paint spoilage fungi, and the use of Ocimum gratissimum in the control of water-based paint spoilage fungi. Twenty paint samples were examined microbiologically, physiologically and physic-chemically after post-atmospheric exposure of 48 h. pH, specific gravity and viscosity were the physico-chemical parameters observed in the research. The phytoconstituents of O. gratissimum were also analysed. Cladosporium tenuissimum,Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tamarii were the fungi isolated from the exposed paint samples with C. tenuissimum giving the highest occurrence of 55%. Antifungal activity of O. gratissimum (ethanolic extract) against C. tenuissimum gave a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 50mg/ml. The phytocontituents of the plant extract are flavonoids, tannins, alkaloid, saponin, steroid and terpenoids. Incorporation of the extract in already water-based paint contaminated with C. tenuissimum, revealed that the extract was able to control the growth of the fungi, however, it also affected the colouration and texture of the paint samples. This research work shows that O. gratissimum has the potential to be used as a natural biocide in paint production, which has major advantages of non-toxicity and bio-degradability as compared to artificial biocides used in paint production.