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The main purpose of the study was to examine stigmas associated with condom purchase and use among adolescents of school going age and their effect on prevention of HIV and AIDS among learners in small conservative communities of Zimbabwe. The study adopted the qualitative research design and was informed by the theory of reasoned action, which explains that people rationally weigh the costs and benefits of engaging in action because of beliefs of possible outcomes that prompt them to act in the ways they act. The study found that in small communities where people knew each other, most shops and out lets that were supposed to provide condoms were no longer ordering them because they did want to be seen as promoting promiscuity and that conservative culture among some adults in the community made it very difficult for adolescents of school going age to access and use condoms .The study further established that purchasing and getting condoms was embarrassing to most adolescents because of social stigmas and labels associated with people who were living with HIV and AIDS. It further established that the adults who were shopkeepers made it difficult for youths of school going age to buy condoms from shops because the shop keepers were judged and interrogated adolescents before selling the condoms to them. The practice was embarrassing and scaring to the youngsters. The study recommended that in closed communities where people knew each other shop keepers were supposed to be young man or ladies who would not scare away youngsters who wanted to buy and use condoms. Furthermore, free condoms should not be put in bottles stores only because bottle stores were places for adults and adolescents who were under 18 years of age were reported to their parents if seen buying condoms. Youth friendly education should be intensified to dispel shyness and lack of confidence to approach and buy condoms from outlets especially among female adolescents. Communities must receive more social education to minimize the use of stigmatizing expressions such as arimubhazi (he is going), arikujucer (putting airtime) statements that scared the youth from accessing condoms. The study also recommended that all professionals working in the industry that focuses on HIV and AIDS prevention should dispel fear associated with HIV and AIDS and help communities realize that HIV and AIDS is just like any other chronic disease that can be managed.

The aim of the study was to investigate the Impact of Ghanaian Festivals on Tourism Development. Tourism is a fiercely competitive business and for Ghana to become and remain competitive, she will need to manage her stock of natural, historical, and cultural resources wisely. Although Ghana possesses a diverse variety of potential attractions including festivals, the key to success of these festivals in attracting tourists is their proper development and management. It is against this backdrop that the study sought to assess why Ghana has not been able to brand herself as tourism destination with her festivals, and to determine how Ghana can brand herself as tourism destination with these festivals. In order to achieve the research objectives, the study adopted qualitative research strategy together with documents as data collection instruments. The findings of the study revealed some basic reasons that made it difficult for Ghana to brand herself as tourism destination with her numerous festivals. These include constraints such as education/awareness creation, security, promotion, political instability, weak institutions, negative image and infrastructure. It also revealed ways Ghana can brand herself with these festivals. These included the establishment of clear vision, cooperative promotion efforts, increasing foreign exchange, addressing the manpower issue, improving on the transportation situation in the country, ensuring political stability and effective tourism planning, communication across wide range of stakeholders, addressing the issue of accommodation, international media coverage and support of international organizations. It is interesting to note that the research findings provided a useful insight into the Impact of Ghanaian Festivals on Tourism Development. These findings could help Ghana particularly and Africa generally to be able to overcome problems regarding how best the numerous festivals could be used to serve as catalyst to maximize tourists’ visitation.

The Yorùbá value proverbs, philosophy and education very highly because they are deep- rooted in the culture of the people for instance, proverbs often occur informally in everyday discourse and in oratory to garnish, conceal or hint. The cultural affinity between the speaker and the audience makes the proverbial utterance meaningful to the hearer in the society. Like other people in universe, Yorùbá philosophy is ‘life affirming’. That is Yorùbá traditional philosophy has to do with life, perhaps in human beings, animals, rocks, soil and plants. The Yorùbá are very observant and the events in their immediate environment have a considerable impact on their mode of life. In Yorùbá society, the system of education is inherent in Yorùbá oral literature such as proverbs, poems, songs, folktales and riddles. The main function of Yorùbáorature is to influence the behaviour of one another in the society. The concept of ‘O?mo?lúàbí (the well-behaved one,) is very prominent, and it is on it that the principle of Yorùbá education is based. Since proverbs are said to represent people’s philosophy and instructions are given through proverbs, it means then that, proverbs can fulfill their philosophical and educational functions in the society.

The study was conducted in Central Darfur State (CDS) in 2015 to examine the impact of recent Darfur conflicts on income derived from crop production, it is a kind of income generating activity undertaken by different livelihoods groups living in the study area. To achieve this goal, a multi - stage random sampling technique was applied to draw the sample size from the target population. Accordingly, 202 respondents were selected using the Attribute Sample Size techniques. A mixture of both quantitative and qualitative methods were used, with special emphasis on structured questionnaire. Respondents were asked to give information about their income source, for instance crop production and the influence of the conflicts on the everyday life of IDPs, nomads, rural and urban settlements. The data collected were for three time periods; pre conflicts period (2000), war period (2006) and peace period (2012). The model used in the analysis was Seemingly Unrelated Regression model, popularly called SUR model, using Stata10 as a main software, in addition to IBM SPSS statistics 24 and excel spreadsheet. However, the results showed the crucial role played by security on income derived from crop production. The study recommended that for agriculture to lead the state economy as before, security issue should be addressed and make the situation conducive for sedentary farmers to be able to resume agricultural activities.

The paper discusses how high-performance work environments can potentially influence employees’ satisfaction and organizational culture in companies where they are created. In many modern organizations, high-performance work environments are developed to achieve higher productivity, improved performance and quality, higher revenues, and employees’ commitment. The problem is that there is no single idea regarding the impact of these environments on employees’ satisfaction and associated culture in organizations. The paper is focused on describing possible correlations between high-performance work environments, employee satisfaction, and organizational culture. The method applied in this study is the quantitative descriptive research based on the analysis of statistical data related to high-performance work environments and job satisfaction. The data analysis indicates that positive correlations can be observed between high-performance environments and their features, improved culture, and job satisfaction.

Agriculture serves as the primary means of subsistence for a significant portion of Pakistan\'s population, as well as in several other nations currently engaged in economic development. The process of establishing a marketing system in Pakistan entails various challenges as well as potential opportunities. The implementation of this solution holds the potential to enhance market accessibility, reduce post-harvest losses, and establish connections between rural farmers and a broader customer base. These various factors collectively contribute to enhancing the overall efficiency of agricultural supply chains. The comprehensive supply chain management (SCM) process encompasses a value chain that recognizes and addresses drawbacks, factors related to value addition, and liability factors. This empowers retailers to effectively manage their supply chain. The research encompasses the methodology employed to analyze both traditional markets and larger outlets. The analysis incorporates the Political, Economic, Social, and Technological dimensions to assess the various factors impacting both markets. The findings indicate that the traditional market offers competitive pricing with occasional price fluctuations. However, larger outlets exhibit various factors that contribute to increased price volatility within the system, necessitating a more robust value supply chain. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that both markets have their own set of advantages and disadvantages.