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The study examined the teaching effectiveness of secondary school teachers in Mysuru city secondary schools. A descriptive research of the survey design was used in the study. The sample consisted of 100 students studying 9th standers at secondary schools. Stratified simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data collected were analyzed using Percentage analysis, ‘t’ test and One way ANOVA. The two null hypothesis were formulated were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that significant difference was found between male and female secondary school teachers with respect to their teaching effectiveness. Comparing the mean value it is found that female teachers have high level of teaching effectiveness when comparing to their male counterparts. The study also revealed that no significant difference was found between secondary school teachers belonging to government, private aided and private unaided secondary school teachers with respect to their teaching effectiveness. Based on the findings it was recommended that pre-service and in-service teacher training institutes should provide training to teachers in the form of workshop, seminar, and symposium to enhance teaching effectiveness in secondary school teachers. School should pay special attention to provide healthy atmosphere in the school by providing better environment, salary, housing facility, medical facility.

Education is the ever changing mechanism through which one can upgrade oneself as well as the society in bigger sense. This article studies the drainage of human resources among Tribal Community of Dooars Region of West Bengal in the light of Sarva Shiksha Avijaan (SSA). This study conducted in two blocks (Nagrakata & Malbazar) of Jalpaiguri, a Sarva Shiksha Mission (SSM) district of West Bengal since 2002 to evaluate and assess the reasons behind Dropout Children. To identify the effects, we use structured schedule containing seventeen independent variables viz. Age of respondent (X1), Calorie intake value (X2), Food intake value(X3), Body Mass Index (X4) ,Use of teaching learning material at school (X5), Communication to school (X6), Attitude of teacher on student (X7), Role of school teacher in understanding text book (X8), Role of father in understanding text book (X9), Role of mother in understanding text books (X10), Encouragement of mother towards education (X11), Adequate dress during school hour (X12), Access to text (X13), Home environment (X14) ,Socio taboo (X15), Climate factor (X16), Financial condition(X17), Mode of communication (X18), House hold activity(X19) and Engagement in productive activity (X20) against dependent variable Level of Dropout (Y).

Glycophosate herbicide is one of the most widely used herbicides by farmers because of its efficacy. However, little is known about its possible long term effects on important soil microflora. To investigate this, mesocosm study involving four cell, Cell I, II, III, and IV contaminated with the herbicide at concentrations of 5, 20, 50 and 0 % v/v respectively were studied between October, 2016 to March, 2017. Soil samples analysed weekly from respective cells to determine the effect of herbicide on overall heterotrophic bacterial and fungal populations, and specifically on Nitosomonas, Nitrobacter and actinomycetes populations, qualitatively and quantitatively with time. The results showed that total heterotrophic bacteria counts (THBC) and actinomycetes counts decreased with time and concentrations for the first 28 day as compared to the control before attaining steady increases. However, beyond day 90, THBC and actinomycetes counts in control cell (Cell IV) were lower than all other cells with the exception of Cell III (P ? 0.5). The total fungal counts (TFC) were not significantly affected except for Cell I that had higher TFC than other cells at day 180 (P ? 0.5). Populations of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter witnessed a progressive decrease with time and concentrations as compared to uncontaminated soil (P ? 0.5). The following genera of bacteria, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Acinectobacter, Micrococcus, Alcaligens, Achromobacter and fungi, Rhizopus, Trichoderma, Penicillium and Aspergillus were isolated. Actinomyces and Nocardia were the actinomycetes isolated. Though bacteria and fungi in soil generally recovered from the effect of glyphosate application in the long term following initial population decline except at the highest concentration of 50 % v/v, Nitrosomonas and Nitobacter (nitrogen fixers) specifically never recovered. This portend serious problem for nitrogen fixation in soil.

Lassa fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Lassa virus, which is a single-stranded RNA virus. Even though the virus was first described in the 1950s, it was not identified until 19691 and was subsequently named after a town in the present Borno state of Nigeria where the first case of the disease was recorded. The primary host of Lassa virus is a rodent of the genus. Mastomys, also referred to as ‘multimammate rat’. Once infected, Mastomys rats do not become ill but can shed the virus in their urine and faeces. Humans become infected from contact with the urine and faeces of infected rats. The infection can also occur in the process of hunting and processing rats for consumption. The virus is spread between humans through direct contact with blood, urine, faeces or other secretions from the infected person. As the world becomes increasingly connected, viral diseases, such as Lassa fever, once endemic to a region can be easily transmitted to other parts of the world, thus increasing the likelihood of a global pandemic. To reduce the probabilities of such events playing out, deliberate and concerted efforts must be applied towards both understanding Lassa fever and limiting infection rates. Therefore, measures that are limited in keeping of rodent out of homes and food supplies, as well as maintaining effective personal hygiene should be employed. Gloves, face masks, laboratory coats, and goggles are advised while in contact with an infected person.

Before the development of modern medicine, people relied on medicinal plants to treat and manage illnesses. For a huge portion of people, mainly in the poor countries, medicinal herbs continue to offer excellent health protection. Date palm is a delicious, powerfully nutritious, aphrodisiac, tonic, and laxative fruit enjoyed by all since ancient times dates are seen to be an ideal food and part of a balanced diet because of the vital nutritional information included in them. Dates are not only able to increase haemoglobin levels, but also increase other haematological parameters, such as: ferritin levels, haematocrit, serum iron and transferrin saturation.

Background: Pre-adolescence considered a significant phase in children growth and development. It is a time of maturity, growth and change that enables pre-adolescent boys and girls start to explore and develop self-esteem-and-efficacy of own gendered identities before any other external influence and societal expectations. The problem is having effective mentorship approaches to adequately support this process. Failure to which these girls and boys between the ages of 8 and 12 may end up transiting to full adolescence phase having negative social, health and emotional characteristics. Purpose: Children of pre-adolescent period are often vulnerable to experiences linked to their physical and mental health, body image and self-esteem and systemic barriers with negative impacts on their personal growth and development. Methods: A descriptive-cross-sectional study design was adopted in the study, carried out in Uasin Gishu County. The survey targeted 246 participants consisting of pre-adolescent boys and girls (8 to 12 years) and the mentor officers in Uasin Gishu County. A sample size of 152 respondents was selected using Yamena (1967) and Cochran (1963; 1977) formula. Pre-adolescent boys and girls and mentors were units of analysis. Primary data was collected via questionnaire and key informant interview schedule. The data was analysed with the help of quantitative and qualitative data scientific modes of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) tool. Findings: The highest ranked approach was identified as the effective mentorship approach dimension being “site-based program approaches” having (M = 4.22, SD = .603), followed by “peer-to-peer program approaches” having scored (M = 4.01, SD = .759) and the least ranked program approach was “Pre-Adolescent Boys and Girls Programs approaches” having scored (M = 3.45, SD = .723). The results indicate that the respondents agreed with all the 12 program approach dimensions and were certain that these dimensions agreeably described their perceptions about effective mentorship approaches on personal growth and development given the composite mean score (M=3.89, SD=.695). The relationships between the peer-to-peer, site-based and pre-adolescent boys and girls programs approaches and personal growth and development scores are highly significant (p< 0.001). Conclusions: effective mentorship approaches are significant in peer-to-peer, pre-adolescent children, and site-based and determine a number of ways for the growth and development of pre-adolescent boys and girls. These ways include appropriately building of knowledge, skills and attitudes to deal with bad behaviours such as cultism act, homosexuality, total disobedient to teachers, parents and any senior citizen, to arson, bullying, killings, gun shooting sprees in learning institutions, murder of peer partners (subdividing the body into parts), violence and addiction to alcohol and hard drugs, the concoction of indiscipline is proving to be a very hard nut for teachers and parents to crack. This steers the pre-adolescent children towards bold futures.