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Mental depression is one of the most serious public health concerns of the modern world, recognized not only as a medical condition but also as a social and psychological crisis. It is characterized by persistent sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyed activities. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 280 million people worldwide suffer from depression, and it is a leading cause of disability, significantly affecting quality of life. While depression is prevalent across all sections of society, certain populations—such as college students and young adults—are particularly vulnerable due to academic stress, social pressures, and life transitions. The role of physical activity, especially organized sports, has been increasingly acknowledged as a protective factor against depression. Numerous studies indicate that athletes often exhibit lower depression levels compared to non-athletes, owing to the physiological benefits of exercise, the release of endorphins, the development of resilience, and enhanced social support systems within sports communities. However, competitive sports also carry pressures that can contribute to anxiety and, in some cases, depression. This paper presents a comparative study of mental depression among athletes and non-athletes, drawing upon data collected from the districts of Anantnag and Kulgam. Using standardized tools of psychological assessment, the research analyzes depression levels across these two groups and evaluates the role of athletic participation in mental health outcomes. Results indicate that athletes generally experience lower levels of depression than their non-athlete counterparts, supporting the hypothesis that sports and physical activity can buffer against depressive symptoms. The findings underscore the importance of integrating sports into educational and social frameworks as part of a holistic approach to mental health promotion.