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This review article provides an in-depth exploration of the current trends and challenges associated with blood transfusion practices in individuals living with HIV. As advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have significantly improved the life expectancy of HIV-positive individuals, the landscape of blood transfusion strategies and safety considerations has evolved. The review delves into key trends, including personalized transfusion approaches, hemovigilance systems, and innovations in blood screening technologies. Additionally, it addresses challenges such as potential interactions between blood transfusion and antiretroviral medications, the impact on viral load dynamics, and emerging infectious risks. By synthesizing existing literature, this review aims to provide insights that guide healthcare professionals in optimizing blood transfusion practices for individuals with HIV while addressing the unique challenges posed by this patient population.

This review explores the latest innovations in blood screening, focusing on advancements that have significantly contributed to advancing safety and quality in transfusion medicine. Blood screening plays a pivotal role in ensuring the safety of blood products and minimizing the risk of transfusion-transmissible infections. Over the years, transformative technologies and methodologies have emerged, revolutionizing traditional screening practices. Key innovations discussed in this review include Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT), multiplex testing, pathogen reduction technologies, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), enhanced serological assays, Point-of-Care Testing (POCT), and the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). Each innovation is examined for its unique contributions to enhancing the precision, efficiency, and safety of blood screening processes.

Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) plays a crucial role in ensuring a HIV-free start for newborns born to HIV-positive mothers. This review highlights the significance of EID in pediatric HIV care, emphasizing its role in timely identification of HIV infection, prevention of morbidity and mortality, facilitation of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) programs, reduction of HIV transmission, and promotion of long-term health outcomes. Despite its importance, EID faces challenges such as limited access to testing services and logistical constraints. Addressing these challenges requires strengthening health systems and leveraging innovative approaches to expand access to EID services. Investing in EID programs is essential for achieving global HIV elimination targets and advancing towards an AIDS-free generation.