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This study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical properties and antioxidant properties of the methanol stem bark extract of Detarium microcarpum and its fractions. In the quantitative estimation of phytoconstituents total phenols, alkaloids, tannin, saponin and flavonoids were estimated from the samples. The antioxidant properties of methanol stem bark extract and its fractions were evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-l-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays. The qualitative phytochemical analysis shows that alkaloids, terpenoids, reducing sugar, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phlobatanins, anthraquinones, phenols and cardiac glycoside were found to be present in the samples while the quantitative phytochemical investigation indicated that the level of phenols, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids in fraction II was higher when compared with methanol extract and fraction I while the level of saponins in methanol extract was high when compared with fraction I and fraction II. FRAP, DPPH and TBARS assay indicate that all the samples (extract and its fractions) inhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity when compared to L-ascorbic acid and the inhibition activity was dose dependent, thus indicating their antioxidant activity. The highest activity was observed in fraction II.

Acalypha fruticosa Forssk. [Family Euphorbiaceae] commonly known as ‘Chinnichedi’ and ‘Birch-leaved.A. fruticosa is a strong smelling bushy shrub traditionally used to treat dyspepsia, stomachache, skin diseases, wounds and poisonous bites. In the present study, the phytochemicals of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Acalypha fruticosa were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The phytochemicals of the ethanol and aqueous leaf extract of Acalypha fruticosa reaveled that the presence of triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycoside and coumarins respectively. Quantitative estimation of phytoconstituents in the powdered samples of Acalypha fruticosa showed that flavonoids were present in high amount when compared to alkaloids, tannins, phenols and saponins. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanol leaves extractof Acalypha fruticosa using the standard disc diffusion method against three pathogens. Among the three organisms, Staphyloccocus aureus showed maximum zone of inhibition followed by E. coli and Candida albicans respectively.

Indigofera linnaei, Ali, belongs to the family Fabaceae, is a medicinal plant growing wild in tropical countries.In the present investigation, the aerial leaf sections of Indigofera linnaei were examined for Triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides and coumarins were found in the ethanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Indigofera linnaei. The quantitative estimation of phytoconstituents in the powdered samples of Indigofera linnaei revealed that flavonoids were found in significant quantities when compared to alkaloids, tannins, phenols, and saponins. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract using the standard disc diffusion method against three organisms. The antibacterial activities of the ethanolic extracts were compared favorably with that standard bacterial antibiotic (Chloramphenicol) and fungal antibiotic (Fluconazole). The Ethanolic extract of leaf showed a maximum zone of inhibition in Escherichia coli(7.65±0.53) againstStaphylococcus aureus(4.71±0.32)andCandida albicans (5.12±0.35).