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Soils produce 95 percent of the food we consume, healthy soil provides crucial ecosystem services for life, such as water storage, purification and flood regulation, carbon sequestration and consequently climate change mitigation, or nutrient cycling e.t.c. The dangers posed to the environment due to anthropogenic activities necessitate the need for novel strategies for decontamination and clean up. It is challenging to realize and discover the interplay between the biodiversity in polluted environments. The process of clean-up can be done in aerobic or anaerobic systems depending on the microorganisms and the electron acceptors available in the media. This review has examined the sources of pollutants into the environment, mechanism for clean-up, contribution of molecular techniques and how utilization of biodiversity can be an effective technique available for clean-up of polluted sites. Though the idea has a long history, however other relatively new applications are emerging or being developed for optimization of the existing biodiversity - based techniques for clean-up of polluted environments.

In recent years, there has been an increasing tendency towards the natural dyes due to the increasing awareness of toxicity and serious health hazards of synthetic dyes. Natural dyes find use in the colouring of textiles, drugs, cosmetics, etc.., owing to their non- toxic effects; they are also used for colouring various food products. The present paper is based on extensive survey. Collection of ethanobotanical information and Biodiversity of Natural dye yielding plants in Thanjavur district. It has also been known that the natural dyes are not harmful and eco – friendly. The study report 30 dye yielding plant species belong to 21 families. Along with their botanical name, common name, family, general description, season of flowering & fruiting, traditional uses, plant parts used, colour and application of dye used are mentioned this paper. Apart from, medicinal uses, it also describes preparation of dyeing stuff. Use mordant and specific dye utilization to serve various purposes, including several of the new dye resources. The use of Natural dye has diminished over generations due to dearth of documentation and in old civilization the ayurvedic medicine says natural dyes contain plenty of medicinal properties. Keeping these points in view the present study will be carried out to the biodiversity and selected dye yielding plant were applied in cotton cloth. These studies revealed that these economically important dye- yielding plants need to be conserved.