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The concept of Vyadhiksamatva (immunity) is of tremendous importance in the daily wellness of human beings; for prevention and recovery from diseases. When etiological factors come in contact with the body they try to produce disease. At the same time the body tries to resist the disease. This power of the body, which prevents the development of diseases or resists a developed disease, is called Immunity. The immune system is very complex, and contains numerous types of cells and proteins that function to fight off infections and keep the body healthy the immune system start developed from the intrauterine life, and it gradually develop after birth and get mature. Synonyms for Vyadhikshamatva which appears in Ayurvedic scriptures are: Sleshma, Bala and Ojas. For increasing the immunity In Ayurvedic texts, various acharays described countless useful dravya, formulations, lehan karma, swarn prashan sanskar. There is also a garbhini masanumasik paricharya for outcome of a healthy baby, with a strong immunity.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a major public health threat to the existence of human beings especially to the developing countries like in Africa. Human Immunodeficiency Virus attacks the CD4 T cells thereby suppressing the immunity of the human host. There is high level of malnutrition in the developing countries due to poor economic status of many individuals with attendant immunodeficiency which affects the patients with HIV drastically for survival. Patients with HIV infection should maintain good nutritional status with improved immunity for increased life span and effectiveness in their works. A lot of commitment from the society is needed to encourage the patients with HIV to reduce the morbidity and mortality rates associated to HIV infection.

Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic, Rodent-borne disease caused by the Lassa virus. It is mainly endemic in the Sub-regions of West Africa, including Nigeria due to the predominance of the zoonotic host in the region. Treatment options in Nigeria presently are limited and mortality rate is also high, due to lack of an approved preventive Vaccine, with Ribavirin being the major therapy for now. Our analytical findings unveiled that the genetic diversity among the different strains of Lassa fever has the ability to circumvent the immune system and this poses a critical challenge to the development of therapeutics for the disease. Hence understanding the biochemical mechanism of host immune invasion by the virus and its genetic polymorphism is key in the development of more effective therapeutics to combat this deadly virus, especially now that recent reviews have identified the Lassa fever Nucleoprotein (which functions in several aspects of the viral life cycle) as a novel target for therapeutics. Moving forward, Lassa fever Nucleoproteins inhibitors inhibitors can be employed as effective therapeutics to potentially inhibit the disease replication. Effective preventive measures, vaccine development, Repurposing of existing drugs using activity or in silico-based and computational bioinformatics, would be critical in the development of novel therapeutics for Lassa fever treatment.

The immune response against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a complex interplay between various components of the immune system, with CD8+ T-cells occupying a central role in viral control. This review critically examines the functionality of CD8+ T-cells in HIV defense, highlighting their importance in controlling viral replication, the evasion strategies employed by HIV, and the challenges encountered in harnessing CD8-mediated immunity for therapeutic purposes. We discuss the heterogeneity of CD8+ T-cell responses, the mechanisms of viral escape, and the phenomenon of CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. Additionally, recent advancements and controversies in the field are addressed, along with future perspectives on enhancing CD8-mediated immunity as a therapeutic strategy against HIV. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complexities surrounding CD8+ T-cell functionality in HIV defense, paving the way for further research and therapeutic developments in the fight against HIV/AIDS.