AN INSIGHT ON ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA: PEDIATRIC PERSPECTIVE

Acute leukemia is the most common childhood malignancy, accounting for nearly 35% of all childhood cancers. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for 15-20% of childhood acute leukemias. The majority of AML cases are de novo, but a minority may present as secondary malignancies. AML is a highly heterogeneous disease, the diagnosis of which involves morphology, immunophenotyping, cytochemistry, and diagnostic analyzes involving leukemic blasts derived from peripheral blood or bone marrow exhibiting cytogenic and molecular characteristics. Includes combinations. By identifying recurrent genetic mutations, it is now possible to improve individual prognosis and guide treatment management. Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease that requires a multifaceted therapeutic approach. Although the outcomes of low-risk AML have improved significantly over the past decades, high-risk AML continues to be associated with poor prognosis. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics, risk stratification, and supportive care have helped improve outcomes in childhood AML.