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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is one of the health burdens ravaging the world with severe impact in developing regions. Women and young girls are more threatened by HIV infection than their male counterparts. Notably, in 2022, 63% of all new HIV infections were attributed to women in sub-Saharan Africa. The anatomical architecture of the female genital tracts, poverty, gender imbalance, unrefined cultural norms aimed at subjugating women, early exposure to sex and marriage, and illiteracy are fingered to contribute to the increased risk of HIV infection in women and young girls. Mitigating these factors will no doubt help curb the prevalence of HIV infection. Herein, we highlighted some measures that could help turn down women’s risk of getting HIV including abstinence, regular use of condoms, delay in sexual exposure, maintaining one faithful partner, timely voluntary counseling and testing, formal education, monitoring of alcohol use, proper dieting, and scrapping of cultural norms targeted at subjugating women. Successfully turning down HIV infection risk in women and young girls will be a breakthrough in the combat against HIV infection since women and young girls being the most vulnerable group must have been salvaged. This paper reviewed the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in women and young girls, the factors fueling the high prevalence, and enumerated key areas to target in order to minimize this menace. Related published data from various databases were utilized.

Diabetes mellitus, indicated by increased levels of blood sugar stemming from inadequate insulin synthesis or poor usage, presents a persistent metabolic challenge. Nutrition stands as a critical pillar in managing diabetes, emphasizing a balanced diet with controlled carbohydrate intake and whole-food emphasis. Yet, implementing nutritional strategies tailored to individual needs remains challenging due to diverse dietary information and evolving science. Though consensus on optimal nutritional therapy lacks uniformity, fundamental dietary principles persist across diabetes types. Studies have shown the effectiveness of nutritional interventions in managing other health conditions, underscoring the need to enhance care for individuals with diabetes. This manuscript delves into the comprehensive landscape of nutritional guidelines for diabetes management, addressing macronutrients\' roles, micronutrient significance, herbal supplements, dietary fiber, glycemic index/load comprehension, and the pivotal role of nutritional counseling. It highlights the importance of tailored dietary plans, focusing on carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, while also elucidating the crucial role of micronutrients such as magnesium, zinc, chromium, and vitamins in diabetes care. Additionally, it examines the potential benefits and caution around herbal supplements in diabetes management. This manuscript provides a holistic exploration of nutritional strategies, emphasizing the need for personalized approaches and comprehensive support systems to optimize diabetes care and overall well-being.