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AIDS is a medical condition. A person is diagnosed with AIDS when their immune system is too weak to fight off infections. In 1981 the first cases of AIDS were identified among gay men in the US. However, scientists later found evidence that the disease existed in the world as early as 1959. The first documented case of HIV was traced back to 1959 using preserved blood samples, which were analyzed in 1998. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, shortened AIDS, is caused by HIV. HIV affects the cell in such a way, that it begins to die-weakening the immune system. HIV provirus may lie dormant with in a cell for a long time. But when the cell becomes activated, it treats HIV genes in much the same way as human genes. There are two types of HIV: HIV-1 and HIV-2. Both types are transmitted by sexual contact, through blood, from mother to child and they appear to cause clinically indistinguishable AIDS. HIV-infected patients with weakened immune systems can develop life-threatening infections. The development of cryptosporidiosis, pulmonary and lymph node tuberculosis, wasting, persistent fever (longer than one month), persistent candidasis, recurrent bacterial pneumonia, and other opportunistic infections is common. These patients may be wasting or losing weight.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a major public health threat to the existence of human beings especially to the developing countries like in Africa. Human Immunodeficiency Virus attacks the CD4 T cells thereby suppressing the immunity of the human host. There is high level of malnutrition in the developing countries due to poor economic status of many individuals with attendant immunodeficiency which affects the patients with HIV drastically for survival. Patients with HIV infection should maintain good nutritional status with improved immunity for increased life span and effectiveness in their works. A lot of commitment from the society is needed to encourage the patients with HIV to reduce the morbidity and mortality rates associated to HIV infection.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is one of the health burdens ravaging the world with severe impact in developing regions. Women and young girls are more threatened by HIV infection than their male counterparts. Notably, in 2022, 63% of all new HIV infections were attributed to women in sub-Saharan Africa. The anatomical architecture of the female genital tracts, poverty, gender imbalance, unrefined cultural norms aimed at subjugating women, early exposure to sex and marriage, and illiteracy are fingered to contribute to the increased risk of HIV infection in women and young girls. Mitigating these factors will no doubt help curb the prevalence of HIV infection. Herein, we highlighted some measures that could help turn down women’s risk of getting HIV including abstinence, regular use of condoms, delay in sexual exposure, maintaining one faithful partner, timely voluntary counseling and testing, formal education, monitoring of alcohol use, proper dieting, and scrapping of cultural norms targeted at subjugating women. Successfully turning down HIV infection risk in women and young girls will be a breakthrough in the combat against HIV infection since women and young girls being the most vulnerable group must have been salvaged. This paper reviewed the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in women and young girls, the factors fueling the high prevalence, and enumerated key areas to target in order to minimize this menace. Related published data from various databases were utilized.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has revolutionized the management of HIV infection, significantly reducing morbidity and mortality in individuals living with the virus. However, the influence of ART on maternal eosinophil levels during pregnancy remains a topic of interest and debate. This review explores the current understanding of how ART affects eosinophil levels in pregnant women living with HIV, considering both the potential mechanisms underlying these changes and their clinical implications. Keywords such as HIV, antiretroviral therapy, pregnancy, eosinophils, immune response, and maternal health are utilized to delve into relevant literature and provide insights into this complex interaction. Understanding the impact of ART on maternal eosinophil levels can contribute to optimizing the management of HIV during pregnancy, ensuring maternal health, and promoting favorable pregnancy outcomes.