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Mosquito control has been a point of focus in scientific communities, especially health-providing units. Various methods have been tried and many more still being developed to eliminate or reduce mosquito populace. Certain environmental issues related with chemical control of mosquitoes have convinced experts to opt for eco-friendly methods. Among those methods are the biological control methods, which suppress vector populations through introduction/manipulation of organisms (natural enemies, e.g., parasites, disease organisms and predatory animals). Present study was focused on using edible fish as predator of mosquito larvae. Experimental results revealed that, edible fish have tremendous potential to be used as larvivorous predator of mosquito. It was further found that, larvivorous fish (Gambusia Affinis), used in this study preferred live larvae when compared with commercial food. The rate of consumption was between 180 to 190 larvae per fish per day, and fish preferred live larvae (65.72%) over dead larval stuff (37.14%). Another aim of the study was to determine the effect of light and dark periods on larvae consumption and it revealed that 88.75% of larvae were eaten in the presence of light and only 51.25% in dark by the mosquito fish. In micro-field condition, out of 500 larvae, only 13 (2.6 %) larvae were left, whereas rest of the larvae were consumed by the fish. The study suggests the larvivorous fish to be tried as biological control agent for mosquitoes.

There is a growing concern globally over issues such as global warming, climate change etc. Various factors that affect the environment have now come into focus, air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution becoming the priority. While activities such as combustion of fuel, ineffective sewage treatment, and deforestation have been the primary cause of concern, we cannot overlook the effect the chemicals and pharmaceuticals have on the environment. Though there are no regulatory standards set for the levels of pharmaceutical products and by-products that can be found in the environment, it is high time that the Governments and the industry take note of the adverse effects that the pharmaceuticals are having on the environment. This paper aims to study the harmful and unwanted effects of drugs on various elements such as water, air, soil and public health.

The paper discusses how high-performance work environments can potentially influence employees’ satisfaction and organizational culture in companies where they are created. In many modern organizations, high-performance work environments are developed to achieve higher productivity, improved performance and quality, higher revenues, and employees’ commitment. The problem is that there is no single idea regarding the impact of these environments on employees’ satisfaction and associated culture in organizations. The paper is focused on describing possible correlations between high-performance work environments, employee satisfaction, and organizational culture. The method applied in this study is the quantitative descriptive research based on the analysis of statistical data related to high-performance work environments and job satisfaction. The data analysis indicates that positive correlations can be observed between high-performance environments and their features, improved culture, and job satisfaction.

This work was conducted to investigate the most prevalent parasitic infection and conditions that are responsible for diarrhoeal infection in the age range 0 - 3 years. The objective was to note how lack of infrastructural and social amenities could affect the prevalence of diarrhoea in both urban and rural communities in its environs namely Abakpa - Nike, Emene, Ugwuaji - Awkunanaw, Amechi and Agbani were undertaken. The work suggested various control measures aimed at the efficacious containment of diarrhoeal infections in the target population of the 0-3 years olds. A random sampling of a population size of 600 was utilized in the study which comprised of 300 males and 300 females. 300 were chosen from Enugu and 300 from all its environs Environmental conditions of the patients dwelling areas were established by household surveys. For bacteria isolates, E.coli ranked highest with 75 cases (12.5%) followed by Salmonellae 7 (1.2%), Shigellae 4 (0.2%). For Protozoa/helminths, Malaria parasites were highest with 333 (55.5%) followed by Ascaris 73 (12.2%), A.duodenale 39 (6.5%), T. trichiura26(4.3%), E. histolytica 15 (2.5%), and G.lambil13 (2.7%).

Recent development in nanotechnology makes nanomaterial a promising agent with wide range of applications in major fields like medical, agriculture, bio-remediations, industries etc. Green synthesis of nanoparticle using plant and microbes is considered to be safe and environment friendly approach. Among various nanoparticles metal nanoparticle gain more attention due to their stability, catalytic abilities and applicability’s. Diverse group of bacteria and plants are being employed for synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Characterization tool such as SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, DLS, AFM reveals morphology of synthesised particles. This review gives overall summary of various plants and bacteria mediated approaches used to synthesize metal nanoparticles, morphology and applications of synthesized particles. This Research would also include useful findings related to comparison between plants and bacteria mediated nanoparticles in terms of Morphology, size distributions and applications in various fields.

Soils produce 95 percent of the food we consume, healthy soil provides crucial ecosystem services for life, such as water storage, purification and flood regulation, carbon sequestration and consequently climate change mitigation, or nutrient cycling e.t.c. The dangers posed to the environment due to anthropogenic activities necessitate the need for novel strategies for decontamination and clean up. It is challenging to realize and discover the interplay between the biodiversity in polluted environments. The process of clean-up can be done in aerobic or anaerobic systems depending on the microorganisms and the electron acceptors available in the media. This review has examined the sources of pollutants into the environment, mechanism for clean-up, contribution of molecular techniques and how utilization of biodiversity can be an effective technique available for clean-up of polluted sites. Though the idea has a long history, however other relatively new applications are emerging or being developed for optimization of the existing biodiversity - based techniques for clean-up of polluted environments.

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) stands as a prominent hereditary hemoglobinopathy characterized by a mutated form of hemoglobin, culminating in diverse clinical complications. These paper endeavors to synthesize the multifaceted aspects contributing to SCA\'s onset and progression, delineating the intricate interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors in shaping the disease\'s phenotype and severity. Genetically, variations in the HBB gene encoding beta-globin hold paramount importance in SCA, elucidating diverse mutation patterns and their correlation with disease severity. Furthermore, the influence of gene modifiers and their contribution to the wide spectrum of phenotypic diversity among individuals carrying the sickle cell trait is expounded upon. Beyond genetic predisposition, environmental elements wield significant influence. Geographical factors, climatic conditions, infectious agents, and socio-economic determinants are examined for their impact on disease prevalence and progression. The review extends its scope to encompass lifestyle factors, illuminating the roles of nutrition, physical activity, and psychosocial stress in shaping the clinical course of SCA.A pivotal facet in mitigating the burden of SCA lies in early detection and intervention. Exploring current screening methodologies, prognostic indicators, and emerging technologies for timely diagnosis and tailored therapeutic strategies offers promise in ameliorating complications and enhancing patient outcomes.

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) stands as a paradigm of the intricate interplay between genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and lifestyle factors shaping the complexity of this hemoglobinopathy. This comprehensive review endeavors to elucidate the multifaceted relationship between genetic determinants, environmental triggers, and individual lifestyle choices in the genesis, progression, and management of SCA. Genetically, SCA is rooted in mutations within the HBB gene, culminating in the production of aberrant hemoglobin and the characteristic sickled erythrocytes. This section scrutinizes the myriad of genetic variations, emphasizing their implications in disease severity and phenotypic diversity. The review further navigates the landscape of genetic modifiers, exploring their nuanced influence on disease manifestation among carriers of the sickle cell trait. Environmental determinants play a pivotal role in modulating the clinical course of SCA. Geographical disparities, climatic variations, prevalence of infections, and socio-economic factors intricately intertwine to influence disease prevalence, complications, and healthcare accessibility. This review meticulously examines the multifaceted impact of these environmental factors on the disease landscape. Moreover, lifestyle choices wield substantial influence over disease management and outcomes. Balanced nutrition, hydration, physical activity, and psychosocial well-being significantly impact disease severity and crisis occurrence. This section delves into the effects of lifestyle modifications, elucidating their role in minimizing complications and enhancing the quality of life for individuals navigating the challenges of SCA. This paper underscores the synergistic interplay of genetics, environmental influences, and lifestyle factors in sculpting the multifaceted nature of sickle cell anemia. Recognizing these intricate interactions provides a holistic framework for devising personalized management strategies and therapeutic interventions. The synthesis of these elements emphasizes the necessity of a comprehensive approach in unraveling the complexities of SCA and advancing tailored care for affected individuals.